Which are the two political ideologies that, according to Chasteen, have dominated Latin American History for the past five centuries

Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.

The two political ideologies that according to Chasteen have dominated Latin American history for the past five centuries are nationalism and liberalism.

Nationalism is the ideology that supports an extreme love for the culture, customs, history, and values of the country, including its historical figures. Under this ideology, countries reject external intromission from foreign countries.

On the other hand, there is liberalism, in which countries open to trade and the influence of the private market, including foreign investments- although it is not the best ideology to promote and support medium and low social classes.

he believed that congress would be better not dealing with "lobbyists", or people who seek to influence (a politician or public official) on an issue, since historically, they had problems with these kinds of people. he thought lobbying produces benefits, but should be carefully monitored.