By the end of the 19th century, jingoism in the United States was encouraged by all of the following except:. (a) European imperialism
(b) International Darwinism
(c) Yellow journalism
(d) Naval views of Alfred Thayer Mahan
(e) New immigrants

New Immigrants

Explanation:

By the end of the 19th century, jingoism in the United States was encouraged by all of the following except "NEW IMMIGRANTS"

This is evident in the fact that Jingoism is a term that describes a drastic form of loyalty, nationalism, or allegiance, especially in the form of assertive or warlike foreign policy.

Hence, from the available options, the "New Immigrants" that are the foreigners settling into the United States did not encourage Jingoism.

answer: b.

explanation:

b. the passage of the equal rights amendment  

explanation:

this mean that anything that someone else could do they could do