The tughra includes writing in two different languages?What significance might the choice of languages have?

The choice of languages have many significance

Explanation:

The choice of language helps to provide clarity,  allows good communication, builds interest of listeners or readers, gets the attention of the audience etc.

The choice of language cannot be underestimated as this builds a strong relationship between the speaker/writer and the target audience.

agriculture revolution

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]