I need help with these two questions from the Jamaica Letter by Simon Bolivar

Nationalsim led to major conflicts following world war1 especially when

If the imperial dynasty had continued to rule china, it is most likely that a) the economy would have improved rather than weakened b) european nations would have gotten more of a foothold in china c) revolutionary groups would not have gained any power in the country d) communism would not have received support among the poor

The romans persecuted this group and even threw them to the lions in the coliseum what group was it ?