Which of the following claims that Barkey makes in the passage appears
to contradict most directly her
assertion in the first sentence of
the first paragraph?

Hello. You did not enter the answer options, but the correct answer is:

Non-muslims were second class citizens who endured prejudice  

Explanation:

The sentence selected above reports how non-Muslims were victims and prejudice and considered inferior citizens to Muslims. This contradicts the information that the religious prejudice towards Muslims is very great, reaching the point that they are one of the most persecuted religious strands in the world and one of the biggest victims of prejudice and intolerance.

i belive the classic sword and a shield would do