Who was the person who was an authority figure on ships?

Monarchs in some constitutional monarchies, and presidents in semi-presidential republics are often considered to be figureheads. Commonly cited figureheads include Elizabeth II,[1][2] who is queen of 16 Commonwealth realms and head of the Commonwealth, but has no power over the nations in which she is not head of government and does not exercise power in her own realms on her own initiative. Other figureheads include the emperor of Japan and the king of Sweden, as well as presidents in a majority of parliamentary republics, such as the president of India, Israel, Bangladesh, Greece, Hungary, Germany, Pakistan. Some head of states in one-party communist states also have limited powers, such as President of China (when not simultaneously holding the CCP General Secretary and CMC Chairman posts).

i think the answer is   b.

how did the pendleton civil service act weaken the spoils system after president garfield died?

the act forced federal employees to pass competitive exams.

the act said that federal employees could be fired for political reasons.

the act said that company contracts and kickbacks were illegal.

the act stopped the reform movement in its tracks.