Th questioning of church doctrine is called?

The answer is b. heretic.  This is when they say things that contradict what the Church teaches.  They also question or challenge Church doctrines.  This frequent during the Reformation when many clerics and scholars questioned the Church and established their own religion.

Explanation:

disequilibrium means that either supply is greater than the demand for an available good, or that the demand for a product outstrips the available supply. it implies that the price for a is either too low creating large demand, or too high creating a large surplus of supply.