1. What did African Americans gain from the passage of the 13th Amendment, and how did white southerners respond? 2. How did Lincoln show generosity toward white southerners at the expense of African Americans during reconstruction?

For in this unit, you read about transitions of power and the formation of newly independent nations in africa, asia, the americas, and the middle east. some of these transitions were peaceful, while others caused long-term instability. why do you think some countries were more successful than others with political transitions? what do you think were the biggest challenges facing newly independent countries? would it have been possible for leaders to prevent these problems before they happened? why or why not?

List five north american and european countries in the non-communist bloc

Plz , ive been stuck on this forever. what action did president jefferson take to stop britain and france from seizing american merchant ships. a. he declared war on france. b. he called for increased tariffs on british and french goods. c. he called for embargo on all foreign trade. d. he declared war on britain.