1. Which two countries did not exist as unified states till the mid-1800s?

Correct answer is Germany in Italy.

Explanation:

Italy and Germany were divided into many different states.

Certain confederations were created but that didn't led to unification of these countries. Therefore in the second half of 19th Century movements for unification of these countries was one of the main issues in the European politics.

Piedmont was the state that led the unification of Italy, while Prussia was leading the unification of Germany.

u.s.a

china

india

and

japan

1. it was caused by feudalism

2. charlemagne used christianity as a major cornerstone for his rule. cloisters were built all over the empire to act as centers for the (re)population of the vast european wilderness.

3. the europeans feared the next raid every time chetak

i'm not so sure about #6. but i hope i you with the first 3.