Subject: The Columbian Exchange. When did “world” as opposed to regional history really start, and why did it start then?

2. What has declined in number and variety continuously since that date?

3. Estimates of the percentage of New World natives that died due to European diseases range between what two figures?

4. List at least three diseases responsible for killing Native Americans during the Columbian Exchange.

5. What happened to both the Inca and Aztec kings who were ruling shortly before the Spanish conquest?

6. How did diseases keep killing indirectly?

7. Which disease was transmitted from the New World to Europe?

8. Which New World crop would exact a heavy death toll on those who used it?

9. List three domesticated Old World animals which revolutionized life in the New World.

10. Religious and political freedom aside, what was a major reason Europeans migrated to the Americas?

11. What primary beast of burden did the Incas use before contact with Europeans?
12. How did the introduction of horses change native cultures on the Great Plains?

13. Name five significant foods that emerged from the New World.

14. What primary result happened because of New World crops?

15. What two advantages did New World crops have over European plant foods?
16. What drawback did the potato have for the Irish? (9:08)

17. What New World crop has been the main animal feed in Europe for centuries?
18. What people group came to the Americas overwhelmingly against their will?

19. What did the Columbian Exchange lead to when it came to human genetics?
20. Name one positive and one negative result of the Columbian Exchange.

just because

explanation:

idk

mesopotamian code of hammurabi

and i think its 1860 b.c. you mean lol

answer:   migrations were important in the neolithic period. "two major migrations passing through southeastern europe were confirmed by the means of archaeo-genetic studies."

the first migration was the early neolithic period -- 6,000 before common era (bce) -- when the first farmers, from anatolia -- asia minor -- spread through europe. the second migration occurred during the early bronze age (3,000-2,500 bce) when the so-called "steppe population," from the eurasian steppe, replaced much of northern europe's previous population.

the first farmers of northern and western europe passed through southeastern europe with limited hunter-gatherer genetic admixture, which occurs when two or more previously isolated populations begin interbreeding. however, some groups that remained mixed extensively -- without the male-biased, hunter-gatherer admixture that prevailed later in the north and west, according to latest discoveries. southeastern europe continued to be a nexus between east and west, with intermittent genetic contact with the steppe people up to 2,000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern europe's population.

"in some places, hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers seem to have mixed very quickly," says iain mathieson, a geneticist at the university of pennsylvania, who was first author of the paper. "but, mostly, the two groups remained isolated, at least for the first few hundred years. these hunter-gatherers had been living there for thousands of years, and it must have been quite a shock to have these new people show up -- with a completely different lifestyle and appearance."