How are the Untouchables treated by people born into higher castes?

They are known as Untouchables because they are believed as dirty. Higher castes don't want to go near them. Later, as time went by, many people who were born as Untouchables started changing the world. Hence, the respect for them increased too.

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geography

this is because warmer climates often don't get people sick from the flu and regions where it was often colder more people received the flu. hope this if you need more reasoning i am here to