Kipling paints a vivid, unflattering portrait of non-Europeans in this poem. What are the phrases he uses to convey this characterization? (The White Man’s Burden)

The answer is athens and sparta.

The three steps before modern english were indo-european, germanic, and old english. as peoples moved around the eurasian continent, their languages changed. throughout the ages, the languages became more specialized. as english has many germanic influences, it is easy to see how this was one of the forebears. also, old english was one of the main ancestors of the modern language, spoken in the 5th through about the 13th centuries.