Several countries such as Portugal and Germany, etc. had colonies in the past, but France and the United Kingdom possessed the most colonies in 1914. It is believed that more developed economies with high GNI per capita have achieved their wealth partly through colonization and in postcolonial era, through neocolonial relations. One such indication of neocolonial influence is aid dependency. What are the economic characteristics of former colonies?

a. Both income and aid dependency for former colonies are generally low.
b. Most of the former colonies of the United Kingdom and France have incomes that fall below $5,000 with a very high aid dependency.
c. Most of the former colonies of the United Kingdom and France have low incomes ranging between $5,000 and $10,000.
d. The former colonies of Portugal generally have better income than those of the Netherlands.

b). Most of the former colonies of the United Kingdom and France have incomes that fall below $5,000 with a very high aid dependency.

Explanation:

The given excerpt asserts a true claim regarding the economic attributes of the former colonies. The majority of the previous 'colonies of France and the U.K. possessed incomes ranging below $5000 along with a record aid dependency.' This implies that the governments were heavily reliant on the amount coming from foreign countries instead of their growing their economies on their own and being self-reliable. Thus, option b is the correct answer.

take five to 10 minutes to warm up and cool down properly.

plan to start slowly and boost your activity level gradually unless you are already exercising frequently and vigorously.

be aware that training too hard or too often can cause overuse injuries like stress fractures, stiff or sore joints and muscles, and inflamed tendons and ligaments. sports prompting repetitive wear and tear on certain parts of your body — such as swimming (shoulders), jogging (knees, ankles, and feet), tennis (elbows) — are often overuse culprits, too. a mix of different kinds of activities and sufficient rest is safer.

listen to your body. hold off on exercise when you're sick or feeling very fatigued. cut back if you cannot finish an exercise session, feel faint after exercise or fatigued during the day, or suffer persistent aches and pains in joints after exercising.

if you stop exercising for a while, drop back to a lower level of exercise initially. if you're doing strength training, for example, lift lighter weights or do fewer reps or sets.

for most people, simply drinking plenty of water is sufficient. but if you're working out especially hard or doing a marathon or triathlon, choose drinks that replace fluids plus essential electrolytes.

choose clothes and shoes designed for your type of exercise. replace shoes every six months as cushioning wears out.

for strength training, good form is essential. initially use no weight, or very light weights, when learning the exercises. never sacrifice good form by hurrying to finish reps or sets, or struggling to lift heavier weights.

exercising vigorously in hot, humid conditions can lead to serious overheating and dehydration. slow your pace when the temperature rises above 70°f. on days when the thermometer is expected to reach 80°f, exercise during cooler morning or evening hours or at an air-conditioned gym. watch for signs of overheating, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, faintness, cramps, or palpitations.

dress properly for cold-weather workouts to avoid hypothermia. depending on the temperature, wear layers you can peel off as you warm up. don't forget gloves.