What two nations were almost left out of the race for building empires during the 19th and 20th centuries?

Which effect did the united states supreme court's decision in plessy v. ferguson have? 1. ending segregation in all public schools in america 2. protecting voting rights for african americans by eliminating literacy tests 3. upholding the rights of all citizens to be treated equally by the government 4. authorizing the system that kept black and white people separated