Political parties appeared in the U. S. shortly after the constitution was adopted because

Political parties appeared in he United States due to differences arose over political and economic issues.

populist movement, in u.s. history, politically oriented coalition of agrarian reformers in the middle west and south that advocated a wide range of economic and political legislation in the late 19th century. thus in 1892 their leaders organized the populist, or people's, party, and the farmers' alliances melted away.

according to my calculation, the answer is d.