All of the following helped Hernan Cortes defeat the Aztecs EXCEPT: alliances with Aztec enemies
ships with cannons
European disease called smallpox
steel weapons & horses

Ships with cannons I believe.

Explanation:

Process of elimination.

They did use smallpox because the Aztecs did not have the medication for it.

They did make alliances.

As well as use weapons and horses.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

b. the 200th birthday of the united states