Why was the economic system of mercantilism challenged by Adam Smith and other Enlightenment advocates?

Smith made a number of important criticisms of mercantilist doctrine. First, he demonstrated that trade, when freely initiated, benefits both parties.

Explanation: because  Second, he argued that specialization in production allows for economies of scale, which improves efficiency and growth.

d. islands off the coast of newfoundland

according to the map, most industrialization in europe occurred in the northwest.

the production of coal and lignite deposits was profitable throughout western europe.

the building of railroads transport goods throughout europe.

according to the map, the population trend indicates that more people are moving into cities.

northwest

coal and lignite depostis

railroads

cities