Based on the excerpt from Christopher Columbus's log entry, what motivated Columbus during his journey?| I

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

the correct answer that would best complete the given statement above would be option b. expanding civil services. diocletian and constantine paved the way for foreign invasion by dividing the empire, creating administrative bureaucracies and reorganizing the military, except for expanding civil services. hope this answer .

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explanation:

independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate