How did Medieval European Kingdoms react to the Growth of Islamic Civilizations over time? Did the growth of Gunpowder Empires in the late Medieval Period cause conflict between European and Islamic Civilizations?

Ithink the answer should be a.

He sailed off course on his way back to greenland and ended up in north america

The american anti-slavery society (aass) (1833–1870) was an abolitionist society founded by william lloyd garrison, and arthur tappan. frederick douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings.