Explain why Shawn uses the term "cloud of witnesses" to describe the material from the Writings

i think the answer is b.

your answer would be (b)

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.