What were the achievements of the African empires, kingdoms, and cities before the arrival of the Europeans? Explain and evaluate these achievements.

Answer and Explanation:

The African continent was once a region of great wealth, prosperity and conquests. However, the intense, unsustainable and inhumane exploitation of Europeans put an end to all this, in addition to stimulating a view that Africa is a region without history and without triumphs.

However, this is not true. Historians prove that before the arrival of Europeans, Africans had already achieved great achievements that greatly improved the lives of the population. Among these achievements we can mention the advanced metallurgy, the efficient manufacture of many tools, engines that worked with steam and stimulated the industry, weapons of copper, glue, handling of the bar, carbon and bronze, saws, not to mention the advances in art and science.

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after a more than a decade and a half of combating al qaeda (aq) in afghanistan and pakistan,

the united states faces a diverse array of threats from al qaeda affiliates in the middle east and

africa. while senior al qaeda figures reportedly remain based in pakistan, the network includes

a number of affiliates across the middle east and africa including al qaeda in the arabian

peninsula (aqap), al qaeda in the islamic maghreb (aqim), and al shabaab. al qaeda also

retains a small but possibly growing presence in afghanistan. u.s. officials have stated that al

qaeda still maintains a foothold in syria through its ties to hay’at tahrir al sham (formerly

known as the nusra front), though the exact nature of that relationship may be evolving. this

report examines the threat posed by al qaeda affiliates in the middle east and africa as described

by u.s. officials and outside observers, as well as the u.s. approach to date in responding to these

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