What document did the British violate when using the vice admiralty court that persecuted colonies for smuggling goods with France

What does engels mean when he writes "everything which here arouses horror and indignation is of recent origin, belongs to the industrial epoch"?

What was roosevelt’s plan to combat supreme court rulings against the new deal plans? a.create new programs with the same goals b.stack the court with new justices and ones that supported the new deal c.refuse to enforce the ruling d.fire the justices

What was the policy of containment?