Is this statement true or false? buddhism spread only be means of overland routes

Many scandinavians immigrated to the united states as a result of the homestead act of 1862, which offered land to independent farmers. this is an example of a push factor, because turmoil in scandinavia encouraged people to leave. push factor, because a new opportunity encouraged people to come to the us. pull factor, because turmoil in scandinavia encouraged people to leave. pull factor, because a new opportunity encouraged people to come to the us.

What is the main idea of this excerpt

In 1990s the us closed clark air force and subic bay naval station in