How did people is mesopotamia adapt to physical environment

They abandoned the nomadic life by developing farming techniques through water management, including canal-building, water storag, drainage, irrigation. 

With the prosperity which this generated, they moved on to development of almost all the techniques that formed the basis of civilized life before the industrial revolution: architecture, transport, metalworking, carpentry, pottery, glass-making, textile manufacture and leather-working as well as many processes associated with farming and food preparation. In southern Mesopotamia irrigation and flood control were necessary and this gave rise to a number of subsidiary technologies of

They abandoned nomadic life to start in a village and stay in one spot.