The nineteenth-century middle class:. a. was a coherent group of professionals and employers b. was the most stable social group in terms of status and income c. dominated science, commerce, and culture in the nineteenth century d. identified with the working class in opposition to the aristocracy e. all answers are correct

e. all answers are correct

Explanation:

The nineteenth-century which is between the 1800s to 1899 was defined with middle-class population being defined with certain characteristics, some of these were:

1. Eighty percent of the middle-class population were working class

2. They are considered employers because they mostly have servants at home

3. Many of them were professionals like teachers, nurses, engineers, etc.

4. They were also involved in science, commerce, and culture during this period as it was evidenced in the invention of Rugby by William Webb Ellis in 1823 and some other sports as well such as snooker in 1875, lawn tennis in 1873, etc.

5. They were also involved in activities such as music listening, reading culture, seaside seeing, etc.

Hence, the correct answer, in this case, is option E. all answers are correct

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

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