3. In Dred Scott v. Sandford, Chief Justice Roger Taney made two sweeping rulings. What were they?

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 60 U.S. 393, often referred to as the Dred Scott decision, was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court in which the Court held that the US Constitution was not meant to include American citizenship for black people, regardless of whether they were enslaved or free, and so the rights and privileges that the Constitution confers upon American citizens could not apply to them.

Explanation:

it required the unanimous approval of the states before the congress could enact any measure.