What does this quote mean to you? "Nothing in the world is worth having or worth doing unless it means effort, pain, difficulty"*

it means that without effort or difficulty everything is meaningless. life is all about passing tough situations and difficult times but when you solve it easily, it becomes unimportant for you. in order to receive something, you need to pjt effort to that work. Our effort and our pain shows us and builds new. This is the meaning of life? why do you live? To overcome the challanges of life. For example, if you want to buy a car, you should earn money by going to work on time and completing tasks on time. this is what effort means.

after the roman empire, the catholic church began to unify by taking on many duties of a government.

discrimination! they faced a lot of racism