Which Native American group was the first to build permanent settlements?

Archaic indians.

Explanation:

It is predicted that Archaic Indians had settled for around 7,000 years before the settlers from Europe came into American continent.  Most of their historic sties were founded around the state of Illinois.

From the type of tools that found in their remining site, archeologists predicted that Archaic Indians were hunter/gatherer society. They did not rely on agriculture to sustain their life, only resources such as fruits and animals.  But often times, it is difficult to gather enough foods from hunting/gathering. This is why they started to gradually learnt how to grow crops and create permanent settlements.

The Pueblo

Explanation:

Which native civilization lived in permanent settlements made up of apartment-like complexes of stone and mud?

ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.