The trade across the Sahara Desert between the Arab merchants and West African Kingdoms was primarily based on an exchange of—

Salt and Gold

Explanation:

This was often referred to as the GOLD-SALT trade. The West African kingdoms have an abundance of golds.

This is evident in Ghana till the present moment and Mali during the time of Mansa Musa in the 14th century.

On the other hand, the Arab merchants have abundant salt for trading due to their nearness to the sea.

Hence, the right answer, in this case, is the trade was primarily based on SALT and GOLD.

by creating a labor shortage that pushed the continent toward a market economy

the apache were not receiving guns from the spanish.(a) is the correct

explanation: