How did Latin American nations gain independence

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Explanation:

Independence from Spain came suddenly for most of Latin America. Between 1810 and 1825, most of Spain's former colonies had declared and won independence and had divided up into republics. ... Napoleon, seeking to expand his empire, attacked and defeated Spain, and he put his elder brother Joseph on the Spanish throne.

it further strained relations between the north and the south and convinced

the answer is suffrage