Read the passage from the Qur’an, then answer the question that follows. This passage is from Surah 2. And whatever alms you give, or (whatever) vow you may vow, surely Allah knows it; and the unjust shall have no helpers.

If you give alms openly, it is well, and if you hide it and give it to the poor, it is better for you; and this will do away with some of your evil deeds; and Allah is aware of what you do.

–Qur’an 2:270–71

Which statement best summarizes the main idea of this passage?

Allah rewards people who privately give to people in poverty.
It is optional to give to people living in poverty.
Allah does not pay attention to the way people give to others.
It is best to give alms or charity to others in an open and public way.

france,russia and prussia had absolute monarchy and it meant:

when louis xiv inherited the throne, he was able to serve as his chief minister.louis xiv ruled as an absolute monarch.

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]

the crusaders are identified in the painting;

c. by the red crosses on their backs