Based on the pattern of trade described in the third paragraph, the Egyptian kairim merchants were most likely directly involved in which of the following broader developments in the Indian Ocean in the period circa 1200-1450?

The establishment of diaspora merchant communities.

Explanation:

Muslim merchants called Kārimīs whose centre remain in Egypt. They involved in the Oriental regional trade. India was one of the region Karimis merchant traded with for spices, textile and other luxury items. As they traded and spread in the coastal regions, merchants began to interact with local people and other traders, which led to a formation of diaspora where traders from different region settled.