How did horizontal and vertical integration during the late nineteenth century affect companies in the United States? Large businesses took over many small businesses for greater profits. Increased competition promoted the creation of new companies. New technologies were exchanged among companies to increase production. Higher profits were the result of government regulation and supervision of businesses.

After the Civil War, however, the corporation, using new state incorporation laws passed during the Market Revolution of the early nineteenth century, became a legal mechanism for nearly any enterprise to marshal vast amounts of capital while limiting the liability of shareholders

Business owners began devising ways to reduce competition. One method was to buy or bankrupt competitors. John D. Rockefeller had great success with this approach in the oil industry.

What improvements in transportation and communication promoted the onset of the Second Industrial Revolution? -The laying of telegraph cables between the United States and Europe improved the rate of communication more significantly than any previous invention.

Positive term for the business people. They invested a lot of the money they earned into society. Historians have used the terms "robber barons" and "captains of industry" to describe the powerful industrialists of the late 1800s.

#2 the answer is d

#3 the answer is a

#4 the answer is b

the answer is b just took the test