The most significant difference between Athens and Sparta was that Athens worshipped many gods, while Sparta worshipped one. Athens had a strong army, while Sparta had a strong navy. Athens focused on citizenship, while Sparta focused on the military. Athens gave women no rights, while Sparta allowed them in the military.

Athens focused on citizenship, while Sparta focused on the military.

Explanation:

Given that Athens's style of governance was based on democracy, this made Athens focus on things such as election, philosophy, learning, etc. At the same time, their economy was mostly based on trade and taxes, hence, it can be concluded that generally, Athens focused on issues relating to Citizenship.

On the other hand, the Spartan style of government was considered to be Oligarchy and we're known for their excellent performance in warfare. Again, their economy was based on farming and plundering of neighboring states in war conquest.

Hence, it can be concluded that Sparta focused on the military.