Chapter 14, Section 1 1. What three practices showed that the Catholic Church needed to be reformed?
2. Why did people support the Crusades?
3. What were four effects of the Crusades?
Chapter 14, Section 2
1. Name three reasons why the food supply increased in Europe during the Middle Ages
2. Name three changes that took place in Europe during the “Commercial Revolution”
3. Name three reasons for the increase in learning during the late Middle Ages
Chapter 14, Section 3
1. How did William the Conqueror and Henry II help make England a nation?
2. Why was the Magna Carta important?
3. How did the kings of France gain control over the lords and the common people?
Chapter 14, Section 4
1. What caused the Great Schism?
2. Name three effects of the plague
3. Who fought in the Hundred Years War? How did the war increase nationalism in Europe?

Chapter 17, Section 1
1. What was the Renaissance? Name three reasons why the Renaissance began in Italy
2. What was humanism?
3. Name three ways art and literature changed during the Renaissance
Chapter 17, Section 2
1. How was the Northern Renaissance different from the Renaissance in Italy?
2. Why is William Shakespeare considered to be “the greatest playwright of all time”?
3. What effects did Gutenberg’s printing press have on northern European life?
Chapter 17, Section 3
1. What was the Protestant Reformation? What kinds of changes did reformers want?
2. What role did Martin Luther play in the Reformation
3. What role did Henry VIII play in creating the Church of England?
Chapter 17, Section 4
1. What were the major religious ideas of Calvinism?
2. What happened at the Council of Trent?
3. What was the result of the declining authority of the Catholic Church?