What are some examples of how states differ from each other? What power gives states the authority to make these differences?

Some states have high income taxes, and other states have no income tax. In California, you could pay anywhere from 1-13% of your income to the state, while in Texas, you don't pay a single penny in income tax.

Some states have laws prohibiting the use of drugs, such as marijuana. For example, states such as Oregon and Washington have legalized the use of marijuana for recreational purposes, while in Idaho, it is still a felony to possess it for any reason.

The power given to states comes from the 10th Amendment, which transfers all power not given to the federal government over to the state governments, which arguably, can literally be anything that doesn't violate the Constitution.

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