At the congress of Vienna(1815) the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to

the answer is catholics

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

the influence of charles louis de secondant , baton montesquieu.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.