Which leader were against political parties

Which of the islamic empires (ottomans, mughals, safavids) were the most influential and why?

Which statement best evaluates the impact of the 1929 stock market crash on europe? 1. the united states established high export tariffs to europe that reduced goods exported to germany. 2. the united states promoted domestic policy initiates that reduced jobs on american bases in europe. 3. the united states promoted isolationism that withdrew troops from europe causing germany to pay its own national defense. 4. the united states eliminated loans to europe that caused germany to default on its reparation payments to france.

What is the relationship between the supreme court and the lower courts? the supreme court must abide by the decisions of the lower courts. the supreme court appoints judges to the lower courts. the supreme court can overrule decisions made by the lower courts the supreme court can impeach judges from the lower courts.