What were the primary reasons nativism became widespread ???

The Nativists went public in 1854 when they formed the “American Party,” which was especially hostile to the immigration of Irish Catholics, and campaigned for laws to require a longer wait time between immigration and naturalization (the laws never passed).

the influence of charles louis de secondant , baton montesquieu.

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.