The first official political parties to develop in the united states were a. the whigs and the tories. b. the democrats and the republicans. c. the federalists and the anti-federalists. d. the federalists and the democratic-republicans.

The answer you are looking for is actually D. the Federalists and The Democratic-Republicans. (The reason why C is wrong is because they weren't officially called Anti-Federalists, rather Democratic-Republicans)

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

answer; i believe its (cpr);