Which term is used to describe the period prior to the beginning of the american civil war in 1861?

What does the quote describe? “the closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us….the shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable.”

Which of the following arguments did thomas paine include in common sense

What industry was exempt from the child-labor laws passed in the factory act of 1833?