How does the Constitution limit the power of the Congress?

Limits on Congress
pass ex post facto laws, which outlaw acts after they have already been committed. pass bills of attainder, which punish individuals outside of the court system. suspend the writ of habeas corpus, a court order requiring the federal government to charge individuals arrested for crimes.

Why did the founders of the nation want to limit the powers of Congress? ... Congress had to be strng and powerful to avoid the failure of the Articles of Confederation, but it also had to have clear limits so citizens would be protected from authoritarian action by Congress.

Hope this helps

The answer is forindependence.