Monotheism was a significant new idea because it. Formed the basis of most ancient religious laws.
Allowed for belief in many gods.
Asserted that there was only one god.
Established the notion of either reward or punishment in the afterlife.

Dhariiet beecher stowe

They made a checks and balance system to equal power within the branches. the "check" meant that one branch would watch one branch and "balance" them if they were too powerful. if you want more info on this, i would just google checks and balance system.