How did Islam affect trade in the Middle East?

Another effect of the spread of Islam was an increase in trade. Unlike early Christianity, Muslims were not reluctant to engage in trade and profit; Muhammad himself was a merchant. As new areas were drawn into the orbit of Islamic civilization, the new religion provided merchants with a safe context for trade.

william marbury filed suit against secretary of state james madison because madison refused to deliver the justice of the peace commission former president john adams awarded marbury under the organic act of 1801.

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