Why were permanent settlements more advanced than hunter-gathers societies?

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Permanent settlements were typically more advanced than hunter-gatherer societies, as they had a number of points that allowed them to become more advanced.

1) Semi-Permanent food source: Most Permanent settlements relied mostly on domesticated animals and farming, while hunter-gatherers typically followed the animal herds as they migrated. Having a permanent food and water source allows the group to focus more of their time and efforts to making life easier instead of just "surviving".

2) Farmable Lands: To be able to have a permanent food source for the years to come, the land surrounding the city must be fertile (rich in nutrients), and there must either be a seasonal rain (typically the fall rains, which would help with growing, and the spring rains, which happen around harvesting), or a water source (generally a river, sometimes a sea, lake, or mountain springs).

3) Defensible position: Something that is overlooked in many cases. A settlement must be defendable against any aggression that may come. This typically included being built upon a hill, surrounded by the fields, or even built into clefts of rocks, or in a isolated piece of land.

With a ample and steady food supply, people are able to put their efforts that was previously in finding food, to making their lively-hoods easier. This included experimenting and creating new tools that may help in farming, as well as construction plans that gave a sense of "civilization". They also worked on creating a language that could be shared by their neighbors, as well as a cuneiform that not only helps in creating the language, but also in collecting and storing data, stories, history, and other important things.

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The change from hunter-gatherer societies to permanent settlements allowed people to have the time and energy to create new technology and propel humanity forward technologically.

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