State why an observation cannot be an inference

Because an observation refers to something real that can be observed; whereas an inference refers to an assumption.

Explanation:

Observation is the act of observing, it means having your attention directed to something real and specific, in order to later judge, analyze or investigate a particular thing or someone. An inference, on the other hand, is an information-based deduction or reasoning that uses available data to reach a conclusion. As we can see, "observation" and "inferences" are words with very different meanings, so we can say that an observation cannot be an inference.

these conditions long with a short growing season made farming difficult.

explanation:

the north has a climate of warm summers and snowy cold winters. the terrain is rocky, hilly, and not good for farming.

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