3. "In the name of God the Merciful and the Compassionate: This is the safe-conduct accorded by the servant of God Umar, the Commander of the Faithful, to the people of [Jerusalem]. He accords them safe conduct for their persons, their property, their churches, their crosses, their sound and their sick, and the rest of their worship... No constraint shall be exercised against them in religion nor shall any harm be done to any among them The people of Jerusalem] must pay the jizya (required tax on non-Muslims]in the same way as the people of other cities. They must expel the Romans [Byzantine soldiers and officials) and the brigands from the city. Those who leave shall have safe-conduct for their persons and property until they reach safety. Those of the people of [Jerusalem] who wish to remove their persons and effects and depart with the Romans [Byzantines] and abandon their churches and their crosses shall have safe-conduct for their persons, their churches, and their crosses until they reach safety." Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings. "Peace Terms with Jerusalem, 636 C. E." 10th century 3. Which development resulted from a change in Umar's policy toward Jerusalem by the Seljuks?
(A) The beginning of the Crusades by European Christians
(B) A shift in trade patterns
(C) An increase in the power of the Byzantine Empire
(D) A decrease in taxes paid by Jerusalem residents