ch Those most likely to oppose the encomienda and repartimiento systems and support the Spanish New Laws were een said, ere O Catholic priests and missionaries who supported fair and humane treatment of American Indians. Spanish aristocrats who believed that inhumane treatment of native populations reflected favorably on Spain's international reputation. O Merchants and traders who believed they would profit more from the use of chattel slavery for labor. Spanish colonists who saw encomienda as preventing them from finding profitable work in the Americas. iry sition tevens Indies

in the united states, the president is controlled by the

constitution, and in all respects subordinate to it. insofar

as it deals with presidential power, however, the american

constitution has proved to be a highly malleable document.

with very few exceptions,' the constitutional provisions relating to the president have not been changed at all since

they were ratified in 1787. but in the late twentieth century, those provisions do not mean what they meant in

1787. the constitution is a legal document, and it is enforced judicially; but its meaning was hardly fixed when it

was ratified. in particular, the contemporary president has

far broader powers than the original constitution contemplated. it is remarkable but true that large-scale changes in

the authority of the president have been brought about

without changes in the constitutional text, but nevertheless

without significant illegality.

this is a paradox. is it not clear that constitutional

changes, if not textual, are illegal? the paradox has considerable relevance to our current thinking about the presidency in particular and about constitutionalism in general.

perhaps the framers of the american constitution feared

legislative power most of all; 2 but from well-known events

in the twentieth century, it is possible to conclude that it is

presidential power that holds out the greatest risks to both

liberty and democracy. the president is by far the most visible leader in the nation; he is often the only person in government with a national constituency. moreover, he is

cornfield (filler filler filler filler ignore this filler filler)

to keep us neatruel and not get involved in any wars

he assumed control of treaty negotiations with a hostile power