In order to sail from West Africa back to Portugal, the Portuguese had to use a different shape for their . This shape would help them go against the prevailing winds that were trying to push them back towards Africa.

the bar kochba rebellion (132-135) against the roman empire, also known as the second jewish-roman war, was the second major jewish revolt in judea and the last of the great jewish-roman wars.

after the first jewish-roman war of the years 66-73, the roman authorities took measures to crush any new attempt of rebellion in judea. his political situation was modified and instead of a prefect a governor of praetorian rank was appointed, and in the ruins of jerusalem the seat of a complete roman legion, the legio x fretensis was established.

the political and religious direction of the jewish people was left in the hands of the sanhedrin, with initial headquarters in yavne.

the direct causes of the rebellion vary according to the source. the roman historian dio cassius (155-229) attributes the revolt to the decision of hadrian to found in the place of jerusalem a roman city called aelia capitolina (aelia by its own name and capitolina in honor of the roman god jupiter). on the other hand, the jewish sources, while recognizing this resolution as true, assign higher priority to the decrees dictated by hadrian that forbade the brit milah (circumcision), the respect of the sabbath and the laws of purity in the family.

hadrian's intention was to "civilize" and incorporate the jews once and for all into the greco-roman culture. for greek and roman culture, circumcision was an intolerable mutilation.

the jewish tradition tells in the midrash tanjuma a meeting between rabbi akiva and the governor turnus rufus, where he asked for an explanation about the circumcision.

an additional legion, the legio vi ferrata, moved to the province to maintain order, and work began in the year 131 after the governor of judea, turnus rufus performed the founding ceremony of aelia capitolina. a roman coin with the inscription aelia capitolina was struck in the year 132.

the tannaim rabbi akiva, who without being named nasi directed the sanhedrin, convinced the other members to support the imminent rebellion.

the jewish leaders carefully planned the second rebellion to avoid the numerous errors that had been committed in the first one. in the year 132 the rebellion led by bar kochba quickly expanded from modiim throughout the country, defeating the x roman legion based in jerusalem and destroying the xxii roman legion that had come from egypt.

(1) university of virginia: its a colonial heritage was founded in 1819 by declaration of independence author and former president thomas -charlottesville, virginia, united

(2) yellowstone national park is an american national park located in wyoming,montana and idaho and is a colonial heritage site.it was established by us congress and signed into law by president ulysses g grant on march 1,1872.yellowstone is usa's and world's first national park and a heritage site.the park is also known for its wildlife and its geothermal geysers.

(3) yosemite national park: : : colonial heritage site in north in western sierra nevada of central was designated a world heritage site in 1984..it is famous for its granite cliffs,waterfalls,clear streams,giant sequoia groves,lakes,mountains,glaciers and biological

(4) grand canyon national park: : colonial heritage site in north in north western arizona and is 15th site declared as national park..the park's central feature is the grand canyon, a gorge of the colorado river,which is also considered one of the wonders of the world.the park covers 1217262 acres.the grand canyon was designated a world heritage site in by unesco in 1979.

(5) taos pueblo

(6) redwood national park

(7) cahokia mounds

(8) wrangell-st. elias national park

(9) glacier bay national park

(10) kluane national park

(11) tatshenshini-alsek provincial park

(12) mammoth cave national park

(13) olympic national park

(14) great smoky mountains national park

(15) quebec city

(16) everglades national park

(17) lunenburg, nova scotia

(18) glacier national park

(19)chichen itza