Consider the conditions in China during Mao Zedong’s rule (1949 to 1976) and after his rule (1976 to the present). Compare and contrast China during those two periods. In two paragraphs, describe the Chinese economy, politics, and social issues before and after Mao’s rule.

During the Cultural Revolution, Mao closed down all schools and appealed to the youth to help spread his communist ideas. There were confrontations between Mao’s Red Guards and local police, thus threatening another civil war. The Red Guards started oppressing the intellectuals, who were believed to hold anti-communist views. After Mao, Deng Xiaoping came to power and started focusing on agriculture. He put an end to farmer co-ops. Farmers began cultivating land privately, and agricultural profits increased. Job opportunities increased and people started migrating from rural areas to cities. Deng appealed to the youth to go abroad for higher education. He encouraged foreign countries to do business in China. As a result, China’s economy started growing rapidly.

during the debate over his landmark energy policy proposal, president jimmy carter failed to consult one of the most powerful senators, louisiana’s russell long, who would have a big say over whether the legislation moved through the upper chamber. this was classic carter. with a strong distaste for congressional politics, the president simply refused to do what most other presidents would consider routine, such as courting key senators. long became so irate with the president that when he was finally invited to a white house dinner, he stood up to ask a question and, before doing so, proceeded to sarcastically introduce himself: “i’m russell long, chairman of the senate finance committee.”

this interaction is a revealing moment in stuart e. eizenstat’s fascinating new history of carter’s presidency. the former peanut farmer from georgia was a president who, according to conventional wisdom, didn’t care much for party politics; nonetheless, in eizenstat’s view, carter’s legacy on domestic and foreign policy has been vastly underappreciated. the author paints carter as a “bold and determined” leader who bravely attacked the challenges of his time. eizenstat goes so far as to argue that carter might very well be the most successful one-term president in american history.

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